These two kinds of relationships are graphically represented in the chart below. Chart 4 Semantic Relation of Subject and Predicate Nominative Thus in examining S-PN clauses, two fundamental questions need to be answered: (1) How can we distinguish between S and PN since word order is not an infallible guide? and (2) what is the semantic relationship between the two: Is the S a particular within the larger class of the PN, or is it interchangeable with the PN? b. How to Distinguish Subject from
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